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CRITICAL

CVE-2025-25291

CVSS v3

9.8

CRITICAL

EPSS Score

20.6 %

exploit probability, as of 2026-10-03

CISA KEV

No

known exploited

Exploitation

—

SSVC status

Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Technical details

Published
2025-03-12

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-25291?

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Is CVE-2025-25291 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2025-25291 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 20.6% on 2026-10-03, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-25291?

CVE-2025-25291 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL severity).

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