No exploitation reportedFix available

CVE-2016-4557

Q: Is CVE-2016-4557 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2016-4557 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 10.2% on 2026-10-22, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

Q: What is the CVSS score for CVE-2016-4557?

CVE-2016-4557 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (HIGH severity), with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

No exploitation reported by the sources we read.

Published2016-05-23
Fixed in4.5.5 · 4.4.11

Am I affected?

With a domain, we read the version its public headers and pages expose. A distribution build can carry the fix under an older number.

Description

The replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr function in kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not properly maintain an fd data structure, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (use-after-free) via crafted BPF instructions that reference an incorrect file descriptor.

Timeline

dates in UTC

2016-05-2310:59CVE publishedNVD
2026-10-2319:23EPSS crossed 10 %FIRST EPSS

Observed activity

isMalicious corpus · updated 2026-10-23 18:48 UTC

Indicators tagged with this CVE, per day0 indicators over 7 days

Block these indicators

Firewall list (EDL, text): https://api.ismalicious.com/edl/cve/CVE-2016-4557?format=txt
CSV export: https://api.ismalicious.com/edl/cve/CVE-2016-4557?format=csv
TAXII collection of exploited CVEs
The EDL and CSV take an API key on the Pro plan.

Versions per branch

NVD

Linux linux kernel

Branch	Affected	Fixed in	Source
4.5	≥ 4.5, < 4.5.5	4.5.5	NVD
4.4	≥ 4.4, < 4.4.11	4.4.11	NVD

as publishedRanges as NVD and OSV publish them; a distribution’s build can be fixed under an older number.

Fix

Update Linux linux kernel to 4.5.5 · 4.4.11

Advisories and patches

git.kernel.orgVendor Advisory
www.kernel.orgVendor Advisory
github.comVendor Advisory

Detection

Nuclei template: none so far
Exploit-DB: no entry
Proof-of-concept repositories: none listed

Sources

NVDCVSS 3.17.8read 2026-10-23
NVDCVSS 2.07.2read 2026-10-23
FIRST EPSSEPSS score10.2 %read 2026-10-23

Technical details

CVSS v3 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Published: 2016-05-23
Last Modified: 2026-06-17
NVD status: Modified

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2016-4557?

Is CVE-2016-4557 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2016-4557 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 10.2% on 2026-10-22, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2016-4557?

CVE-2016-4557 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (HIGH severity), with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

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