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Public proof of conceptFix available

CVE-2025-31651

A public proof of concept exists; no exploitation attested.

  • Published2025-04-28
  • Fixed in11.0.6 · 10.1.40 · 9.0.104
  • WeaknessCWE-116

Am I affected?

With a domain, we read the version its public headers and pages expose. A distribution build can carry the fix under an older number.

Description

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Timeline

dates in UTC
  1. 2025-04-2820:15CVE publishedNVD

Versions per branch

NVD · OSV
Apache Tomcat
BranchAffectedFixed in
11.0≥ 11.0.0, < 11.0.611.0.6
11.0≥ 11.0.0-M2, < 11.0.611.0.6
10.1≥ 10.1.0, < 10.1.4010.1.40
10.x≥ 10.0.0, < 10.1.4010.1.40
10.1≥ 10.1.10, < 10.1.4010.1.40
9.0≥ 9.0.0, < 9.0.1049.0.104
9.0< 9.0.1049.0.104
9.0≥ 9.0.76, < 9.0.1049.0.104
8.5≥ 8.5.0, ≤ 8.5.100no fix published

as publishedRanges as NVD and OSV publish them; a distribution’s build can be fixed under an older number.

Products declared by the CNA1 product

As apache, the CNA that assigned this CVE, declared them in the CVE record; versions as written.

  • Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcatother versions: not affected
    Affected
    • ≥ 11.0.0-M1, ≤ 11.0.5no fix statedsemver
    • ≥ 10.1.0-M1, ≤ 10.1.39no fix statedsemver
    • ≥ 9.0.0.M1, ≤ 9.0.102no fix statedsemver
    • ≥ 8.5.0, ≤ 8.5.100no fix statedsemver

    Not affected ≥ 8.0.0.RC1, < 8.5.0 (status unknown) · ≥ 10.0.0-M1, ≤ 10.0.27 (status unknown)

Source: the CNA record (CVE Program), © The MITRE Corporation,CVE Terms of UseCVE recordupdated 2025-10-29

Distribution builds and vendor advisories

Packages from OSV.dev and products from the vendors' CSAF advisories.

version not verifiedVersions not verified: read as OSV.dev and the vendors publish them, not checked against each vendor's release list.

Packages

  • apache-commons-collectionsRed Hat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:3.2.2-10.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-collectionsRed Hat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:3.2.2-10.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-collectionsRed Hat:rhel_e4s:8.6::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:3.2.2-10.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-collectionsRed Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:3.2.2-10.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-collectionsRed Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:3.2.2-10.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-collectionsRed Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:3.2.2-10.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-langRed Hat:rhel_tus:8.6::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:2.6-21.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c
  • apache-commons-langRed Hat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstreamall versions · fixed in 0:2.6-21.module+el8.1.0+3366+6dfb954c

336 more package ranges on OSV.dev

Vendor advisories

  • CVE-2025-31651 Red Hat Product Security604 products fixed · 28 known affected

    tomcat: Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve

    tomcat6 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · tomcat6-admin-webapps as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · tomcat6-docs-webapp as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 · +25 more

  • RHSA-2026:2726 Red Hat Product Security222 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: pki-deps:10.6 security update

  • RHSA-2026:2724 Red Hat Product Security140 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: pki-deps:10.6 security update

  • RHSA-2026:2725 Red Hat Product Security68 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: pki-deps:10.6 security update

  • RHSA-2026:0293 Red Hat Product Security3 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: pki-servlet-engine security update

  • RHSA-2026:0292 Red Hat Product Security3 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: pki-servlet-engine security update

14 more advisories

Full record on NVD

Fix

  1. Update Apache Tomcat to 11.0.6 · 10.1.40 · 9.0.104
  2. Vendor fix Red Hat Product Security RHSA-2026:2726 · 222 productsFor details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
  3. Vendor fix Red Hat Product Security RHSA-2026:2725 · 68 productsBefore applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
  4. Vendor fix Red Hat Product Security RHSA-2025:22925 · 35 productsBefore applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
  5. Vendor fix Red Hat Product Security RHSA-2025:22924 · 1 productBefore applying the update, back up your existing Red Hat JBoss Web Server installation, including all applications and configuration files. The References section of this erratum contains a download link for the update. You must be logged in to download the update.
  6. Workaround from the vendor Red Hat Product Security RHSA-2026:2726 · 222 productsNo mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security’s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.

Advisories and patches

Detection

read 2026-11-01 01:02 UTC
Nuclei template
none so far
ProjectDiscovery
Exploit-DB
no entry
Exploit-DB
Proof of concept
Metasploit modules
none listed
Metasploit Framework

Sources

Identifiers

Technical details

CVSS v3 Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Published
2025-04-28
Last Modified
2026-06-17
NVD status
Modified
GitHub Advisory
GHSA-ff77-26x5-69cr

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-31651?

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Is CVE-2025-31651 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2025-31651 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 4.3% on 2026-11-09, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-31651?

CVE-2025-31651 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL severity), with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

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