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MEDIUM

CVE-2025-25184

CVSS v3

6.5

MEDIUM

EPSS Score

1.2 %

exploit probability, as of 2026-10-19

CISA KEV

No

known exploited

Exploitation

—

SSVC status

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Affected and fixed versions

Packages from OSV.dev and products from the vendors' CSAF advisories.

version not verifiedVersions not verified: read as OSV.dev and the vendors publish them, not checked against each vendor's release list.

Packages

  • rackRubyGemsfrom 3.1 · fixed in 3.1.10

Vendor advisories

  • CVE-2025-25184 Red Hat Product Security58 products fixed · 16 known affected

    rubygem-rack: Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger

    3scale-amp2/zync-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 · pcs as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 · pcs-snmp as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

  • RHSA-2025:7085 Red Hat Product Security16 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: pcs security update

  • RHSA-2025:1985 Red Hat Product Security42 products fixed

    Red Hat Security Advisory: Logging for Red Hat OpenShift - 5.9.12

Full record on NVD

Description

Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.

Technical details

Published
2025-02-12

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-25184?

Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.

Is CVE-2025-25184 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2025-25184 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 1.2% on 2026-10-19, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-25184?

CVE-2025-25184 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (MEDIUM severity).

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