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HIGH

CVE-2022-28345

CVSS v3

7.5

HIGH

EPSS Score

2.5 %

exploit probability, as of 2026-10-19

CISA KEV

No

known exploited

Exploitation

—

SSVC status

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Affected and fixed versions

Neither OSV.dev nor the vendor advisories we read list affected versions for CVE-2022-28345 yet.

Full record on NVD

Description

The Signal app before 5.34 for iOS allows URI spoofing via RTLO injection. It incorrectly renders RTLO encoded URLs beginning with a non-breaking space, when there is a hash character in the URL. This technique allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to send legitimate looking links, appearing to be any website URL, by abusing the non-http/non-https automatic rendering of URLs. An attacker can spoof, for example, example.com, and masquerade any URL with a malicious destination. An attacker requires a subdomain such as gepj, txt, fdp, or xcod, which would appear backwards as jpeg, txt, pdf, and docx respectively.

Technical details

Published
2022-04-15

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2022-28345?

The Signal app before 5.34 for iOS allows URI spoofing via RTLO injection. It incorrectly renders RTLO encoded URLs beginning with a non-breaking space, when there is a hash character in the URL. This technique allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to send legitimate looking links, appearing to be any website URL, by abusing the non-http/non-https automatic rendering of URLs. An attacker can spoof, for example, example.com, and masquerade any URL with a malicious destination. An attacker requires a subdomain such as gepj, txt, fdp, or xcod, which would appear backwards as jpeg, txt, pdf, and docx respectively.

Is CVE-2022-28345 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2022-28345 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 2.5% on 2026-10-19, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2022-28345?

CVE-2022-28345 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (HIGH severity).

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