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Exploitation reportedNot in CISA KEV yetFix available

CVE-2022-0778

Exploitation reported by one source. First attested on 2026-04-15 by GCVE · kevintel.

  • Published2022-03-15
  • Fixed in17.7.2 · 16.14.2 · 14.19.1 · 12.22.11
  • WeaknessCWE-835

Am I affected?

With a domain, we read the version its public headers and pages expose. A distribution build can carry the fix under an older number.

Description

The BN_mod_sqrt() function, which computes a modular square root, contains a bug that can cause it to loop forever for non-prime moduli. Internally this function is used when parsing certificates that contain elliptic curve public keys in compressed form or explicit elliptic curve parameters with a base point encoded in compressed form. It is possible to trigger the infinite loop by crafting a certificate that has invalid explicit curve parameters. Since certificate parsing happens prior to verification of the certificate signature, any process that parses an externally supplied certificate may thus be subject to a denial of service attack. The infinite loop can also be reached when parsing crafted private keys as they can contain explicit elliptic curve parameters. Thus vulnerable situations include: - TLS clients consuming server certificates - TLS servers consuming client certificates - Hosting providers taking certificates or private keys from customers - Certificate authorities parsing certification requests from subscribers - Anything else which parses ASN.1 elliptic curve parameters Also any other applications that use the BN_mod_sqrt() where the attacker can control the parameter values are vulnerable to this DoS issue. In the OpenSSL 1.0.2 version the public key is not parsed during initial parsing of the certificate which makes it slightly harder to trigger the infinite loop. However any operation which requires the public key from the certificate will trigger the infinite loop. In particular the attacker can use a self-signed certificate to trigger the loop during verification of the certificate signature. This issue affects OpenSSL versions 1.0.2, 1.1.1 and 3.0. It was addressed in the releases of 1.1.1n and 3.0.2 on the 15th March 2022. Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc).

Timeline

dates in UTC
  1. 2022-03-1517:15CVE publishedNVD
  2. 2026-04-1514:28Listed as exploited by GCVEGCVE
  3. 2026-04-1514:28Exploitation first reportedGCVE
  4. 2026-10-2319:23First public proof of conceptPoC-in-GitHub
  5. 2026-10-2319:23EPSS crossed 10 %FIRST EPSS

Observed activity

isMalicious corpus · updated 2026-10-23 18:48 UTC
Indicators tagged with this CVE, per day0 indicators over 7 days
Block these indicators
  • Firewall list (EDL, text): https://api.ismalicious.com/edl/cve/CVE-2022-0778?format=txt
  • CSV export: https://api.ismalicious.com/edl/cve/CVE-2022-0778?format=csv
  • TAXII collection of exploited CVEs
  • The EDL and CSV take an API key on the Pro plan.

Versions per branch

NVD
Node.js
BranchAffectedFixed in
17.x> 17.0.0, < 17.7.217.7.2
16.x≥ 16.13.0, < 16.14.216.14.2
14.x≥ 14.15.0, < 14.19.114.19.1
12.x≥ 12.13.0, < 12.22.1112.22.11
12.x≥ 12.0.0, ≤ 12.12.0no fix published
14.x> 14.0.0, ≤ 14.14.0no fix published
16.x> 16.0.0, ≤ 16.12.0no fix published
MariaDB
BranchAffectedFixed in
10.7≥ 10.7.0, < 10.7.210.7.2
10.6≥ 10.6.0, < 10.6.610.6.6
10.5≥ 10.5.0, < 10.5.1410.5.14
10.4≥ 10.4.0, < 10.4.2310.4.23
10.3≥ 10.3.0, < 10.3.3310.3.33
10.2≥ 10.2.0, < 10.2.4210.2.42
Debian debian linux
BranchAffectedFixed in
9.0= 9.0no fix published
10.0= 10.0no fix published
11.0= 11.0no fix published

10 more products in the sources.

as publishedRanges as NVD and OSV publish them; a distribution’s build can be fixed under an older number.

Distribution builds and vendor advisories

Packages from OSV.dev and products from the vendors' CSAF advisories.

version not verifiedVersions not verified: read as OSV.dev and the vendors publish them, not checked against each vendor's release list.

Vendor advisories

  • ICSA-25-226-21 CISA1 known affected

    Siemens BFCClient

    BFCClient

  • ICSA-23-143-02 CISA8 known affected

    Hitachi Energy's RTU500 Series Product (UPDATE B)

    RTU500 series CMU Firmware: >=12.0.1|<=12.0.15 · RTU500 series CMU Firmware: >=12.2.1|<=12.2.12 · RTU500 series CMU Firmware: >=12.4.1|<=12.4.12 · +5 more

  • ICSA-23-059-01 CISA8 known affected

    Hitachi Energy Gateway Station

    Gateway Station (GWS): 2.0.0.0 · Gateway Station (GWS): 2.1.0.0 · Gateway Station (GWS): 2.2.0.0 · +5 more

  • ICSA-22-272-02 CISA2 known affected

    Hitachi Energy MicroSCADA Pro X SYS600

    SYS600: 9.x versions · SYS600: 10.3.1 and earlier

  • ICSA-22-221-01 CISA3 known affected

    Mitsubishi Electric Multiple Factory Automation Products (Update B)

    CC-Link IE TSN Industrial Managed Switch (NZ2MHG-TSNT8F2 NZ2MHG-TSNT4): Version 03 and prior · GOT2000 compatible HMI software (GT SoftGOT2000): Version 1.275M · MELSEC iQ-R Series OPC UA Server Module (RD81OPC96): Version 08 and prior

  • ICSA-22-167-14 CISA585 known affected

    Siemens OpenSSL Affected Industrial Products

    Industrial Edge - OPC UA Connector · Industrial Edge - SIMATIC S7 Connector App · OpenPCS 7 V8.2 · +582 more

2 more advisories

Full record on NVD

Fix

  1. Update Node.js to 17.7.2 · 16.14.2 · 14.19.1 · 12.22.11
  2. Vendor fix CISA ICSA-25-226-21 · 1 productUpdate to V2.17 or later version. Contact customer support to obtain the update
  3. Vendor fix CISA ICSA-23-143-02 · 8 productsRTU500 series CMU Firmware version 12.0.1 � 12.0.14: Update to CMU Firmware version 12.0.15* (Planned Update)
  4. Vendor fix CISA ICSA-23-143-02 · 8 productsRTU500 series CMU Firmware version 12.2.1 � 12.2.11: Update to CMU Firmware version 12.2.12* (Planned Update)
  5. Vendor fix CISA ICSA-23-143-02 · 8 productsRTU500 series CMU Firmware version 12.4.1 � 12.4.11: Update to CMU Firmware version 12.4.12* (Planned Update)
  6. Vendor fix CISA ICSA-23-143-02 · 8 productsRTU500 series CMU Firmware version 12.6.1 � 12.6.8: Update to CMU Firmware version 12.6.9
  7. Vendor fix CISA ICSA-23-143-02 · 8 productsRTU500 series CMU Firmware version 12.7.1 � 12.7.5: Update to CMU Firmware version 12.7.6

Advisories and patches

Detection

read 2026-10-23 19:23 UTC
Nuclei template
none so far
ProjectDiscovery
Exploit-DB
no entry
Exploit-DB
Proof-of-concept repositories
6 repositories, unverifieddrago-96/CVE-2022-0778yywing/cve-2022-0778jkakavas/CVE-2022-0778-POC0xUhaw/CVE-2022-0778Trinadh465/openssl-1.1.1g_CVE-2022-0778
PoC-in-GitHub

Sources

  • GCVEexploitation2026-04-15
  • CISA-ADPSSVC decisionnone2026-05-22
  • OpenCVESSVC decisionnone—
  • CISA-ADPCVSS 3.17.52026-05-22
  • NVDCVSS 3.17.5read 2026-10-23
  • NVDCVSS 2.05read 2026-10-23
  • CISA-ADPweakness (CWE)CWE-8352026-05-22
  • NVDweakness (CWE)CWE-835read 2026-10-23
  • FIRST EPSSEPSS score73.2 %read 2026-10-23
  • PoC-in-GitHubproof of concept6read 2026-10-23

Technical details

CVSS v3 Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Published
2022-03-15
Last Modified
2026-10-14
NVD status
Modified

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2022-0778?

The BN_mod_sqrt() function, which computes a modular square root, contains a bug that can cause it to loop forever for non-prime moduli. Internally this function is used when parsing certificates that contain elliptic curve public keys in compressed form or explicit elliptic curve parameters with a base point encoded in compressed form. It is possible to trigger the infinite loop by crafting a certificate that has invalid explicit curve parameters. Since certificate parsing happens prior to verification of the certificate signature, any process that parses an externally supplied certificate may thus be subject to a denial of service attack. The infinite loop can also be reached when parsing crafted private keys as they can contain explicit elliptic curve parameters. Thus vulnerable situations include: - TLS clients consuming server certificates - TLS servers consuming client certificates - Hosting providers taking certificates or private keys from customers - Certificate authorities parsing certification requests from subscribers - Anything else which parses ASN.1 elliptic curve parameters Also any other applications that use the BN_mod_sqrt() where the attacker can control the parameter values are vulnerable to this DoS issue. In the OpenSSL 1.0.2 version the public key is not parsed during initial parsing of the certificate which makes it slightly harder to trigger the infinite loop. However any operation which requires the public key from the certificate will trigger the infinite loop. In particular the attacker can use a self-signed certificate to trigger the loop during verification of the certificate signature. This issue affects OpenSSL versions 1.0.2, 1.1.1 and 3.0. It was addressed in the releases of 1.1.1n and 3.0.2 on the 15th March 2022. Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc).

Is CVE-2022-0778 actively exploited?

Active exploitation of CVE-2022-0778 has not been confirmed. Its EPSS score was 73.2% on 2026-10-22, the estimated probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2022-0778?

CVE-2022-0778 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (HIGH severity), with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.

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