
A single C2 IP is a clue; shared signing patterns and DNS co-occurrence are a map. This guide explains how defenders cluster infrastructure without chasing ghosts—and how to document findings for IR, threat intel, and law enforcement handoffs.

An IP address is a snapshot; an autonomous system (ASN) is a neighborhood. Learn how to use ASN context safely for triage, fraud, and security operations—without mistaking a giant cloud for a monolithic "bad host".