Skip to main content
Public proof of conceptFix available

CVE-2025-1686

A public proof of concept exists; no exploitation attested.

  • Published2025-02-27
  • WeaknessCWE-73

Am I affected?

With a domain, we read the version its public headers and pages expose. A distribution build can carry the fix under an older number.

Description

Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

Timeline

dates in UTC
  1. 2025-02-2705:15CVE publishedNVD

Versions per branch

OSV · NVD
pebble
BranchAffectedFixed in
3.2≤ 3.2.3no fix published
Pebbletemplates pebble templates
BranchAffectedFixed in
4.1< 4.1.04.1.0

as publishedRanges as NVD and OSV publish them; a distribution’s build can be fixed under an older number.

Products declared by the CNA1 product

As snyk, the CNA that assigned this CVE, declared them in the CVE record; versions as written.

  • io.pebbletemplates:pebble
    Affected
    • < 4.1.0fixed in 4.1.0semver

Source: the CNA record (CVE Program), © The MITRE Corporation,CVE Terms of UseCVE recordupdated 2026-04-19

Distribution builds and vendor advisories

Packages from OSV.dev and products from the vendors' CSAF advisories.

version not verifiedVersions not verified: read as OSV.dev and the vendors publish them, not checked against each vendor's release list.

Packages

  • dependency-track-bundledWolfiall versions · fixed in 4.13.5-r0
  • dependency-track-bundledChainguardall versions · fixed in 4.13.5-r0
  • io.pebbletemplates:pebbleRoot:Mavenall versions · fixed in 3.2.1-aikido.1
  • io.root.io.pebbletemplates:pebbleRoot:Mavenall versions · fixed in 3.2.1-root.io.1

Vendor advisories

  • CVE-2025-1686 Red Hat Product Security1 known affected

    io.pebbletemplates:pebble: Path Traversal Vulnerability in Pebble Templates

    pebble as a component of Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4

Full record on NVD

Fix

  1. Workaround from the vendor Red Hat Product Security CVE-2025-1686 · 1 productMitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
  2. No fix planned, says the vendor Red Hat Product Security CVE-2025-1686 · 1 productWill not fix

Advisories and patches

Detection

Nuclei template
none so far
ProjectDiscovery
Exploit-DB
no entry
Exploit-DB
Proof of concept
Metasploit modules
none listed
Metasploit Framework

Sources

  • CISA-ADPSSVC decisionpoc2025-02-27
  • CNACVSS 4.04.8known since 2026-10-23
  • CNACVSS 3.16.8known since 2026-10-23
  • NVDCVSS 3.14.9read 2026-10-23
  • CISA-ADPweakness (CWE)CWE-732025-02-27
  • CNAweakness (CWE)CWE-73known since 2026-10-23
  • FIRST EPSSEPSS score0.8 %2026-11-08
  • OSVaffected packages—
  • GitHub AdvisoriesadvisoryHIGH2025-02-28

Identifiers

Technical details

CVSS v3 Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVSS 4.0 vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Published
2025-02-27
Last Modified
2026-06-17
NVD status
Analyzed
GitHub Advisory
GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-1686?

Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

Is CVE-2025-1686 actively exploited?

A proof-of-concept exploit exists for CVE-2025-1686, but active exploitation has not been confirmed at this time.

What is the CVSS score for CVE-2025-1686?

CVE-2025-1686 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.9 (MEDIUM severity), with vector string CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N.

Running pebble? Hear about its next vulnerability

Surveillance reads the versions in your stack — a domain, a lockfile or a list — checks each CVE against the ranges its sources publish, and alerts you when one you run is exploited or enters CISA KEV. A version it cannot read stays « version not verified ».

Get alerts for this productCISA KEV additions, November 2026Search CVEs

No credit card required · No monthly cap on website lookups · 250 API requests/month

Go further

Related vulnerabilities

Same product first, then the same vendor advisory and the same publication week.

Back to CVE Database

Sources for this record